Articles

CONTENTS

• Diet/Nutrition
• Exercise Capacity (Cardiorespiratory Fitness)
• Exercise Is Medicine
• Insulin Resistance
• Interval Training
• Lifestyle Modification (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes)
• Medicalization, Overdiagnosis, and Overtreatment
• Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn)
• NAFLD (Non-Alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease)
• Physical Activity & Exercise
• PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
• Strength (Resistance) Training
• Type 2 Diabetes

’PMID’ stands for the U.S. National Library of Medicine PubMed Identification Number. To access the article abstract, simply enter the identification number into the search box at the top of the PubMed home page. Occasionally the PubMed abstracts provide direct links to the full journal article.

‘FFT’ indicates that a free full text of the journal article is available through the PubMed website.

‘fPMC’ indicates the author manuscript is free and publicly available. The author manuscript is not the final journal version.

◊ Diet/Nutrition

Feinman RD, Vernon MC, Westman EC. Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group? Nutr J. 2006 Oct 2;5:26. PMID: 17014706. FFT.

Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, et al. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women. the A to Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA 2007 Mar 7; 297:969-977. PMID: 17341711. FFT.

Heshka S, Anderson JW, Atkinson RL. Weight loss with self-help compared with a structured commercial program. JAMA 2003 Apr 9;289:1792-1798. PMID: 12684357. FFT.

Jolly K, Lewis A, Beach J, et al. Comparison of range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: Lighten Up randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011 Nov 3;343:d6500. PMID: 22053315. FFT.

Rolls BJ, Drewnowski A, Ledikwe JH. Changing the energy density of the diet as a strategy for weight management. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 May;105(5 Suppl 1):S98-103. Review. PMID: 15867904. PDF available through Google Scholar.

Rolls BJ, Roe LS, Meengs JS. Reductions in portion size and energy density of  foods are additive and lead to sustained decreases in energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;83(1):11-7. PMID: 16400043. FFT.

Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 26;360(9):859-73. PMID: 19246357. FFT.

Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, et al.; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41. PMID: 18635428. FFT.

◊ Exercise Capacity (Cardiorespiratory Fitness)

Franklin BA, McCullough PA. Cardiorespiratory fitness: an independent and additive marker of risk stratification and health outcomes. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Sep;84(9):776-9. PMID: 19720774. 

Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St. James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation. 2003 Sep 30;108(13):1554-9. PMID: 12975254. FFT. 

Gulati M, Black HR, Shaw LJ, et al. The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 4;353(5):468-75. PMID: 16079370. FFT.

Harber MP, Kaminsky LA, Arena R, et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on all-cause and disease-specific mortality: advances since 2009. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Jun – Jul;60(1):11-20. Review. PMID: 28286137. FFT.

Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009 May 20;301(19):2024-35. PMID: 19454641. 

Kokkinos P, Myers J, Faselis C, et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in older men. A 20-year follow-up study. Circulation. 2010 Aug 24;122(8):790-7. PMID: 20697029. FFT. ExCap 8/11/10; abs. 

Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, et al. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Dec 13;134(24):e653-e699. PMID: 27881567. FFT.

◊ Exercise Is Medicine

Buford TW, Roberts MD, Church TS. Toward exercise as personalized medicine. Sports Med. 2013 Mar;43(3) 157-65. Review. PMID: 23382011.

Johannsen NM, Swift DL, Lavie CJ, et al. Combined aerobic and resistance training effects on glucose homeostasis, fitness, and other major health indices: a review of current guidelines. Sports Med. 2016 Dec;46(12):1809-1818. Review. PMID: 27142533.

Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Dec;25 Suppl 3:1-72.  Review. PMID: 26606383.

◊ Insulin Resistance

Erion DM, Shulman GI. Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance. Nat Med. 2010 Apr;16(4):400-2. PMID: 20376053.

Hoeks J, Schrauwen P. Muscle mitochondria and insulin resistance: a human perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Sep;23(9):444-50. PMID: 22726362.

Jornayvaz FR, Shulman GI. Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cε and hepatic insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012 May 2;15(5):574-84. Review. PMID: 22560210. FFT.

Perry RJ, Samuel VT, Petersen KF, et al. The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):84-91. PMID: 24899308.

Petersen KF, Dufour S, Savage DB, et al. The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the  metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 31;104(31):12587-94. PMID: 17640906. FFT.

Petersen KF, Befroy D, Dufour S, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance. Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1140-2. PMID: 12750520. FFT.

Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links. Cell. 2012 Mar 2;148(5):852-71. PMID: 22385956. FFT.

◊ Interval Training

Cassidy S, Thoma C, Houghton D, Trenell MI. High-intensity interval training: a review of its impact on glucose control and cardiometabolic health. Diabetologia. 2017 Jan;60(1):7-23. Review. PMID: 27681241. FFT.

Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012 Mar 1;590(Pt 5):1077-84. Review. PMID: 22289907. FFT.

Gillen JB, Gibala MJ. Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014 Mar;39(3):409-12. PMID: 24552392.

Milanović Z, Sporiš G, Weston M. Effectiveness of high-intensity training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO_2max improvements: a systematic review and meta-anlaysis of controlled trials. Sports Med. 2015 Oct;45(10):1469-81. PMID: 26243014.

Weston M, Taylor KL, Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) on fitness in adults: a meta-analysis of controlled and non-controlled trials. Sports Med. 2014 Jul;44(7):1005-17. Review. PMID: 24743927.

◊ Lifestyle Modification (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes)

Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul 1;63(25 Pt B):2960-84. PMID: 24239922. FFT.

Wadden TA, Webb VL, Moran CH, Bailer BA. Lifestyle modification for obesity: new developments in diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Circulation. 2012 Mar 6;125(9):1157-70. Review. PMID: 22392863. FFT.

◊ NAFLD (Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)

Birkenfeld AL, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. 2014 Feb;59(2):713-23. Review. PMID: 23929732. FFT.

Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, et al. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:  A systematic review. J Hepatol. 2017 Jan;66(1):142-152. PMID: 27639843.

Romero-Gómez M, Zelber-Sagi S, Trenell M. Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise. J Hepatol. 2017 Oct;67(4):829-846. Review. PMID: 28545937.

Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a nexus of metabolic and hepatic diseases. Cell Metab. 2018 Jan 9;27(1):22-41. Review. PMID: 28867301.

◊ Physical Activity & Exercise

American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):687-708. PMID: 19204579.

Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, et al; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Feb;41(2):459-71. PMID: 19127177. 

Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1081-93. PMID: 17671237. FFT.

◊ Type 2 Diabetes

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016 Nov;39(11):2065-2079. Review. PMID: 27926890. FFT.

Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):541-551. PMID: 29221645.

Lim EL, Hollingsworth KG, Aribisala BS, et al. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia. 2011 Oct;54(10):2506-14. PMID: 21656330. fPMC.

Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, et al. Reversal of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia by moderate weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2005 Mar; 54:603–608. PMID: 15734833. FFT.

Sattar N, Gill JM. Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat? BMC Med. 2014 Aug 26;12:123.  PMID: 25159817. fPMC.

Taylor R. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: tracing the reverse route from cure to cause. Review. Diabetologia. 2008 Oct;51(10):1781-9. PMID: 18726585.

Taylor R. Type 2 diabetes: etiology and reversibility. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):1047-55. PMID: 23520370. FFT.